Viikkosanomat, November 02, 1981

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THE CAR AND
HOVV CAN THE TOXICITY OF THE
STUDIES IN THIS FIELD DISCUSSED BY
Amidst the harm inflicted
by man's practical activity on
the environment the ejection of
exhaust fumes by engines is
perhaps the most dangerous
Practically ali transport vehic-le- s
pollute air although their
share in affecting the air ocean
differs The car is no doubt one
of the greatest polluters
Experts knovv that a car
covering 1 5 000 kilometers on
an average 'inhales' 4350 kg of
oxygen and 'exhales' 3250 kg
of carbon dioxide about 530 kg
of carbonic oxide 93 kg of toxic
hydrocarbons and 27 kg of
nitrogen oxides This directly
harms human health and even
jeopardizes human lives Here
are some examples
American scientists have
calculated that a person who
was born in New York after
World War II inhaled during
his or her life such an amount of
harmful admixtures vvhich is
equivalent to the smoking of
ninc cigarettes each day Some
hydrocarbons from automobile
exhaust fumes caused cancer of
animals put under test
I have mentioned hydrocar-bons
but the car's exhaust
contains a vhole parcel of poi-so- n
substances for instance
carbonic oxide Is has been
established that 1500 units of
this oxide per million air par-ticl- es
put human life at risk
However even 120 units are
enough to affect the driver's
health and to lead to an acci-de- nt
Surveys have shown that
the gas content in tunnels in
garages and in the streets of such
large cities as London New
ERILAISET
TILAISUUDET
TORONTO
Toronton Ikinuorten
Finlandia kuoron harjoitukset
joka torstai klo 1 1 a p Uudet ja
entiset laulajat tervetuloa
kuoroon!
Ikinuorten voimistelu- - ja
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joka kuukauden toisena maa-nantaina
klo 1 1 ap Postiosoite
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Box 354 Station 'B Sudbury
Ont P3E 4P2
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viikottaiset harjoit-us-
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Centre entinen Finnish
haali) joka tiistai alkaen klo 10
ap Uudet jäsenet tervetulleita
kerhomme toimintaan!
THUNDER BAY
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316 Bay St joka kuu-kauden
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'Kaiku' kuoron harjoitukset
joka sunnuntai kello 1 ilta-päivällä
Tervetuloa uudet ja
entiset laulajat! fl
CSJ:n osaston kokoukset
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klo 130 ip
12
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ENVIRONMENt
CAR'S EXHAUST BE REDUCED? SOVIET
JOURNALIST DMITRY SASOROV
York Chicago and Detroit has
already reached 100 units
The automobile exhaust is
harmful not only to people
Polluted air gives rise to the
premature wearout corrosion
darkening pollution destruc-tio- n
cracking strength reduc-tio- n
and decoloration of many
materials
HOW IS THE PROBLEM
BEING SOLVED
IN THE USSR?
Environmental protection
in particular urban air protec-tion
is a matter of nationwide
importance in this country One
can mention in this respect the
laws adopted at the session of
the USSR Supreme Soviet held
in June 1980 (The Law on Air
Protection and the Law on the
Protection and Use of the Ani-m- al
Kingdom) It should be
noted however that in the
USSR the problem has not
assumed such threatening pro-portio- ns
as in other countries of
the mass automobilization
This is accounted for not
only by the fact that in the
Soviet Union the per capita
number of cars per urban unit
are a is so far rather low It
should by stressed that cities are
reconstructed in the Soviet U-ni- on
in a planned way and big
thoroughfares are built Our
country leads the world in the
development of public trans-port
which sharply reduces the
number of cars in the streets A
tram a bus and a trolleybus can
carry more than 100 passen- -
gers while the private car As
statistics have shown carries
1 2 in Britain and 1 7 persons in
the USSR
Now millions of Soviet
people have private cars How-ev- er
despite the cheapness of
petrol most of the car owners
drive their cars only in days off
or during summer holidays
They prefer public transport for
everyday use (in Moscow with
a population of over 8 million
public transport carries about
15 million passengers a day)
and the fares remain stable year
in year out: 5 kopeks for a ride
in the Metro (underground
raihvay) and a bus 4 kopeks for
a trolleybus ride and 3 kopeks
for a tram ride
Of course well-organiz- ed
public transport arriving at in-terv-als
of 1 minute or 2 minutes
in rush hours sharply reduces
the number of private cars in the
streets and hence the amount of
harmful exhausts But this
measure alone is not sufficient
The development of trans-portati- on
leads to a growing car
fleet That is why the state is
taking efficient measures to cut
the toxicity of the exhaust
STATE POLICY
'The Guidelines for the De-velopment
of the National Eco-nom- y
of the USSR for 1976-198- 0'
provided for the intens-ificatio- n
of 'work on developing
transport and over facilities en-suri- ng
the reduction of air pollu-tion
with exhaust fumes' In this
f
connection public health bodies
determined safe rates of the
concentration of toxicants in
the air
The USSR's national stan-dard
which was put into force
in 1 978 is more rigid than the
present-da- y European stan-dard- s:
35 per cent more ri-gor-ous
for carbonic oxide 12
per cent more rigid for hydro-carbons
and 21 per cent more
rigid as far as nitrogen oxide is
concerned
If one compares the current
Soveit standard with its pre-decess- or
it will turn out that the
car which came off the conveyer
in 1 978 (as compared with the
car manufactured in 1975)
ejects almost 50 per cent Iess
carbonic oxide and 21 per cent
less hydrocarbons
The new standard will be
valid for five years Subse-quentl- y
toxicity standards will
be rigidfied which will make
higher demands of car manu-facture- rs
WHAT IS BEING DONE
BY FACTORIES?
At present ali Soviet car
factories have organized Con-trol
of cars coming off pro-ducti- on
Iines in idle running and
in the testing cycle Fuel and
ignition systems are chosen in
Lahjoituksia
rauhanliitolle
Helmi ja Fanni
Windsorista $3000
Helmi Välkki Toronto 2000
Esther Hilden Toronto 2000
Lahjoituksia
CSJ:n edustajan matkarahastoon
Maailman naisten kongressiin:
TORONTO
Lempi Kiviniemi $2000
Katri ja Paavo Mäkinen 1 000
Katri ja A Jalonen 1000
Ainoja U Oksanen 1000
AlinajaOnni Sikola 2000
Greta ja Eino Hakala 1000
Lempi ja Antero Salminen
Gormley Ont 5000
Katri Sudbury Ont 1000
Eila Male
Vancouver BC 1000
Haluamme lausua lämpi-mät
kiitokset kaikille jotka a-vust- ivat
edustajamme matkaa
Maailman naisten kongressiin
Kaarina on jo kotiutunut ja ker-toi
että matka oli hänelle hyvin
antoisa josta hän tulee raport-teeraama- an
myöhemmin eri ti-laisuuksissa
ja Viikkosanomien
palstoilla
CSJ:n toimeenpaneva komitea
957 Broadview Ave Toronto
CSJ:n toimeenpaneva komitea
lausuu lämpimät kiitokset lah-joittajille
KIITOS
Palattuani äsken Maailman
naisten konferensista Prahas-ta
Tshekkoslovakiasta haluan
täten tuoda lämpöiset terveiset
sieltä ja lausua sydämelliset
kiitokset CSJ:lle sen jäsenille
ja jokaiselle joka lahjoituksel-laan
teki tämän ikimuistettavan
matkan mahdolliseksi
Kaarina Luoma
Toronto Ont
HALUTAAN
taloudenhoitajatar (nainen) yksinäisen leskimiehen
talouteen ja samalla pitkien talvi-iltoje- n ratoksi ikä 60
tai 65 vuotta Asiasta voi sopia joko kirjeellä tai käy-mällä
henkilökohtaisesti tapaamassa
Osoitteella: Entinen kullankaivaja
217PineStNApt 214
Tim m ins Ontario
such a way as to be regulated in
the best way not only in the
capacity economic and driving
performance but also toxicity
Soviet car factories have im-prov- ed
technological discipline
and have raised the accuracy of
the manufacture of parts which
have an effect on toxicants
Not long ago Soviet fac-tories
producing 'Lada' and
'Moskvich' cars started to
mount Ozon carburetors which
reduce the ejection of toxicants
and cut fuel consumption by 4
to 5 pre cent
Cars are put into service in
various climatic and topogra-phi- c
conditions on the plain
and in the mountains which
requires the regulation of the
carburetor in the idle running If
this regulation is carried out
withprevious carburetors with
insufficient expertise the toxi-city
of the exhaust will go up
New carburetors are devoid of
this drawback
There are some other tech-nic- al
novelties for instance a
closed crankcase ventilation
system which has reduced the
ejection of gases approximately
by 20 per cent Soviet de-signe- rs'
work on antechamber- -
torch engines will benefit the
cleanliness of the air Engines of
this new type have passed
through service testings Com-mercial
electromobiles can be
seen in the streets of Soviet
cities and some experimental
vehicles use as fuel hydrogen or
hydrogen mixed with petrol
Siirtolaisten muutto-virta
on kääntänyt
suuntaa
Ruotsinsuomalaiset virtaa-vat
takaisin koti-Suome- en Tä-nä
vuonna palaajia on yhden
pikkukaupungin väestön verran
enemmän kuin Ruotsiin meni-jöitä
Seitsemän ensimmäisen
kuukauden paluuvoitto oli 6
200 kansalaista Ensi kesää
nimitetään ennakkoon suureksi
paluukesäksi niin moni jo val-mistelee
Ruotsin jättämistä Pa-luuta
kypsyttää osaltaan se että
talousvaivainen Ruotsi työntää
liikaväkeä ulos Monet ruotsin-suomalaiset
tuntevat kotimaan
vetoa myös henkilö- - ja perhe-kohtaisista
syistä Ennusteet
eivät tienneet käynnissä olevan
paluumuuton voimaa ja laajuut-ta
Vielä tämän vuoden alku-puolella
arvioitiin Ruotsin ja
Suomen välisen muuttoliikkeen
jatkuvan Suomelle tappiollise-na
aina vuoteen 1985 saakka
Ruotsinsuomalaisia on laskuta-vasta
riippuen 380000:sta
400000:een Suuren osan näis-tä
Suomi on menettänyt ikui-siksi
ajoiksi mutta erittäin pal-jon
on niitä jotka eivät hyväksy
itseään siirtolaisiksi vaan kat-sovat
olevansa Ruotsissa tila-päisesti
työssä
This also reduces the toxicity of
engines
The large-sca- le dieseliza-tio- n
of the car fleet now under
way in the USSR contributes to
the improvement of the air
quality in urban areas Diesel
engines eject less carbonic
oxide and hydrocarbons than
carburetor engines Diesel en-gines
have smoke exhaust but
rigorous standards limit the
car's air-polluti- ng breath De-signe- rs
are bettering fuel e-quip- ment
and are testing vari-ous
systems of neutralizers
THE SVVITCH-OVE- R OF THOU-SANDS
OF MOTOR VEHICLES TO
LIQUEFIED GAS IS ALSO AN
EFFICIENT MEASURE IN MOS-CO- W
FOR INSTANCE LORRIES
AND EXPERIMENTAL BUSES
AND TAXICABS VVORK ON LI-QUEFIED
GAS
AUNIITA
UKKIA
UKKAKIMPPUJA
UKKALAITTEITA
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